Implementation process
By looking at the the activities, actors and methods/approaches used, this section will provide a better understanding of the the implementation process of the MLS approach. We will look describe the point of departure, describe who was involved (when, why and how) and what key decisive moments there were.
Point of departure of FRM strategies
The Dutch strategy focuses mainly on layer 1, prevention. This region, too, counts on the safety delivered by the dikes - it is literally surrounded by dikes. In this area, layer 2, spatial adaptation, is a bit complicated – it is a very low lying area, so there are not many options, hence spatial adaptation measures are not implemented.
Stakeholders involved
- Province of Zuid Holland
- Waterschap Rivierenland (a waterboard)
- Safety Region Zuid-Holland Zuid
- The seven municipalities in the region: Alblasserdam, Molenlanden, Gorinchem, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Papendrecht, Sliedrecht and Vijfheerenlanden
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Watermanagement
- Entrepreneurs
- Volunteers
Role of key actors
- The Safety Region is responsible of layer 3, crisis management. The Safety Region now is more aware that it is very useful to discuss their wishes in road construction or other developments with the municipalities, so obstacles in evacuation can be avoided.
- The Waterboard is responsible of constructing and maintaining the flood defenses (dikes).
- The municipalities are responsible for spatial development, local road construction and maintenance.
- The Province of Zuid Holland is responsible for regional spatial planning, which is highly relevant for multilayered safety. Specific for water management, the Province is together with the Waterboard responsible for flood risk management of regional surface water and for the management of regional flood defenses. The Province is also responsible for the policy frameworks and goalsetting, like standards of regional defenses (IPO, 2019).
- Entrepreneurs and volunteers: to be added.
Main activities
Step 0: searching for synergies.
FRAMES interacted with another project in this pilot area: 'Water en Ruimte verbinden' (Connecting water and space). This project focuses on connecting water safety developments to other developments. In this project, the MLS approach is also a focal area; a link was easily established to the benefit of both projects.