PR 00274

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The FRAMES Decision Support System, or DSS, can be used as a road map with the following 10 questions to help involved authorities identify how governance relates to the resilience of flood prone areas.

1 What is the flood risk (sea, river, rainfall) and which are the flood risk challenges in your region?

Typical challenges for areas:

• Coastal flooding as main challenge (Zeeland, Denmark)
• Fluvial flooding and coastal flooding/influence  (Alblasserwaard, Wesermarsch)
• Fluvial flooding (UK pilots, Belgium pilots)
• Pluvial flooding: surface water flooding

When this is not clear, please make use of the following tools

• Flood risk maps delivered for the EU Flood Directive
• Pilots: Scenario’s and other forecasting techniques to define future challenges
• Pilots: IPCC reports and national adaptation strategies

Discuss flood risk scenarios and define challenges for resilient areas and communities with relevant stakeholders

2 What is the emphasis of the current FRMS applied in your area?

• Apply multilevel and multi-actor to discuss regional flood risk management strategies
• Multilevel: EU, national, regional, local
• Multi-actor: government, private companies, NGOs, citizens.

3 How is flood risk management organized in my country?

Table 1: Comparison of flood risk governance arrangements (FRGAs), adapted from Matzcak et al., 2016:72, completed for Germany and Denmark by using Buijs et al., 2018.

Characteristics of governance	Belgium	Germany	Denmark	the Netherlands	United Kingdom
Diversification & dominance	Moderately diversified, defence still important	High diversified, focus on defence	Highly diversified, focus on defence	Low diversification, defence dominant	Highly diversified, quite balanced
Multi-sector	Water sector and spatial planning gaining equal importance; water sector still important	Multi-sector involvement & integrated by spatial planning	Multi-sector involvement (landowners and farmers have a say; landowners do not pay)	Water sector dominant	Multi-sector involvement & integrated by spatial planning
Multi-actor	Public (state dominant)	Public (state and federal states) dominant	Public & private	Public (state dominant)	Public & private
Multi-level	Decentralised, tendency towards centralisation	Central guidance & decentralization to federal state & local level	Central guidance & ongoing decentralization to local level	Both central and regional level	Central and local level

4 What is the desired situation in relation to the flood risk challenges for the region?

5 What are potential MLS-actions to enhance the flood resilience of your region?

Overview of actions based on analysis pilot activities

• Linked to MLS layers
• Linked to area context to apply actions: coastal, fluvial, pluvial
• Linked to Diversification of Governance context to apply actions (or adaptation of FGRA required): low, medium, high
• Pilots can be used as examples

6 What is the impact of potential (spatial) actions on systems and sectors in the region?

Make sure to harmonize impact assessments with the national adaptation strategies

7 Who should be involved and what level should participation be?

• Stakeholder analysis examples by project
• Link to FRGA to support stakeholder analysis
• Analysis of multilevel and multi-actor setting, including participation level, during pilot implementation
• Analyse differences between pilot implementation and FRGA

8 How can the implementation process for MLS-pilots be organized?

There are three types of pilot implementation processes:

• Goal oriented (Reimerswaal, …)
• Participatory process oriented (UK)
• Planning process oriented (DAPP Denmark)

Differences are mainly based on the governance context, the organization in the lead in the pilot and the role in the FRGA.

9 What are potential barriers and success factors in the implementation of MLS actions and how can these be dealt with considering up-scaling of pilot results?

10 Which capacities are key to foster adaptation towards a more diversified flood risk management strategy?

• Analysis of adaptive capacities lacking, employed or emerging in pilots studies, based on pilot processes
• Provides on a more abstract level to decision-makers which capacities are needed for planning, implementation and up-scaling of MLS
• Roadmap for capacity building for pilots to become successful working on diversified FRM

Make sure to interview decision-makers about adaptive capacities

Referenties

• FRAMES: Policy recommendations for an integrated approach to flood management, FRAMES, FRAMES, 31 maart 2020.

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