LC 00341

Specific outcomes

The main outcome of this pilot is a guideline with clear steps on what to do to recover after a flood event.  It will probably be targeted mostly to households because they experienced a slow recovery process, but should also embrace municipalities and other stakeholders because municipalities also need to know what to do in the case of recovery process and how to plan for it.

In addition, a brochure and poster (both in Danish) have been produced, describing the project.

Process results

The bonus effect will be an increase of awareness, not only for the municipalities, but also for other stakeholders such as insurance companies.

In the video below, the lessons learnt and outcomes of this pilot are summarized:

Flood risk management strategies (FRMS)

The table below shows the FRM strategies that were considered before, during and after FRAMES.

Layers of MLS	Before FRAMES	During FRAMES	After FRAMES
Protection/ defense	Roskilde Municipality is working on a dike project in the area. Since the area is subject to NATURA 2000 regulation, it has proved difficult to establish a dike. The municipality has reached out for help from the state. At the moment it is uncertain, when the dike will be established, but hopefully in the near future. Dikes seems to be the main focus for the local population to ensure preventive measures at the moment. The emergency response uses mobile dike when alerted to a possible flooding event.	The municipality have begun the process of building a dike. It is however becoming a long process since the storm in 2013. Dikes seem to be the main focus for the local communities to ensure preventive measures at the moment. The emergency response uses mobile dike when alerted to a possible flooding event.
Pro-action/ prevention via spatial planning	The municipality has learned a lot from previous incidents and this will probably be reflected in the municipality's policy and practice. This also applies for the Agency Home owners' Association in Jyllinge Nordmark. Internationally Danish Refugee Council (DRC) works with resilience and flood mitigation in a very systematic way. At the national level in DK, this is currently under development (Baseline monitoring, 2017).	Not the focus of this pilot	Not the focus of this pilot
Preparation & response	Most of the organizations have small to none interest in preparation. The municipality are the stakeholder most involved in preparation alongside the emergency response. The step-by-step guide will provide a better understanding of the entire process of flood risk management. The East Zealand's Emergency Agency has learned from previous floods and was well prepared for the storm in January 2019. Also the locals have established a local emergency setup which have proved useful during the storm in 2019 (Baseline monitor, 2019). Generally, there is a lack of emergency management plans for floods (interview pilot manager, 2019).	Not the focus of this pilot. However, during this pilot project it is expected that the authorities involved in crisis management increased their flood risk awareness (interview with pilot manager, 2019).	Not the focus of this pilot. But, it is expected that the guidelines that will be developed will improve the communication and the understanding between institutions and the local community regarding flood preparedness and recovery (interview with pilot manager, 2019).
Recovery	Recovery is in most instances overlooked and are not included in any policies. It occurs more as an afterthought/ ad hoc. The focus is often on building infrastructure and the notion that dikes will be sufficient protection. The Danish Red Cross has looked into the psychological aspects of the flooding in Jyllinge Nordmark also the insurance companies have evaluated on the incidents in Roskilde and learned from these. The Danish Storm Council has prepared courses for the insurance companies, so they are well-prepared for a new incident. The Danish Storm Council has also made a small youtube video to explain what to do if you are flooded (Baseline monitor, 2019)	Hopefully the guidelines which will be created in Frames will gather the knowledge gained by various actors and make the advice available to both authorities and the public (Baseline monitor, 2019). The Roskilde pilot is developing guidelines on how to better recover from floods based on previous events. The guidelines are targeted to local communities and municipalities and other stakeholders such as insurance companies. It will include step by step information on: who to contact, whose responsibility is, what different authorities could do to improve, or what other new organizations could be helpful (interview with pilot manager, 2019).	This guidelines will be targeted mainly to citizens and municipalities. This guidelines can be used in other areas that could suffer from flood events to help communities recover faster that in Roskilde area (interview with pilot manager, 2019). A step-by-step guide will clearly dictate who does what, to what extent and what citizens can do themselves to prepare or recover faster. Better communication between stakeholders on responsibility in particular (interviews pilot manager,  2017 and 2019). Clear guidelines of the period after an event will be performed to minimize the social-psychological challenges. The pilot area will recover more efficiently after an event and return to their normal every day (interview pilot manager, 2018). However, in order to avoid guidelines to be forgotten, they should be followed by an increase of flood risk awareness widely in Denmark (interview with pilot manager, 2019).

Lessons learnt

Currently, the political agenda is not solved yet, and it has been considered in developing the activities of the pilot project. However, it would be interesting to organize meetings where stakeholders meet (municipalities, insurance companies and households) to discuss flood related issues.

Generally in Denmark, there is a lack of awareness and preparedness in flood recovery because people did not experience it themselves. They won’t make a plan unless they think it’s necessary, they will not think is necessary unless they experienced it already. Thus, it's a challenge to communicate the results of the project, how to do it in a way which catches the interest of the population. Communication could be done by doing a traveling exhibition, fairs, leaflets, radio, link flood risks with other daily activities (such as reaching the hospital when the road will be flooded). Awareness needs time and it should be continued because when if it stops, the process need to start again after some time. Nevertheless, DCA believes  that due to this pilot project, people are more and more aware about climate change and flooding (river and ocean) as well. Thus, awareness is slightly increasing.

Dissemination and up-scaling of pilot results

In order to avoid guidelines be an empty forgotten document, this should be follow up with awareness rising. However, there is a lack of funding in order to increase widely flood risk awareness in Denmark. At the moment, the DCA attends meetings at the municipalities and shares knowledge in a transparent way. The DCA needs more risk awareness plans/ strategies. Thanks to FRAMES, flood risk awareness has increased in the area.

For instance, once per year the DCA organizes meetings in  seven different places in Denmark and invites all municipalities to discuss about different issues such as planning and emergency management. In 2018, the National Emergency Management (NEM) informed municipalities about which are their (NEM) legal obligations towards a flooding situation. It was quite surprising for all the municipalities they actually thought that the NEM will stay much longer in an emergency situation. Another year the topic could be recovery where insurance companies talk about what to expect during the recovery process and the municipalities about their experiences and their responsibilities. 

Transnational exchange

Denmark would like to get inspired by the existing English guidelines that say what everyone needs to be doing during a flood, and what everybody’s responsibilities are.

Referenties

• Roskilde background report FRAMES, Baron, Nina, University College Copenhagen, 2 juni 2020.
• Baseline survey 9 Roskilde FRAMES, Martin Jebens, Mie Thomsen, Susanne Berendt, FRAMES, 9 januari 2019.