LC 00414

Specific outcomes

• The goal of the pilot has been reached: knowledge about vulnerability of vital infrastructure toward floods was acquired and the awareness of stakeholders was increased
• The results and knowledge generated through this pilot will be included as policy advise in the Agenda of the National Government and communicated to other vital infrastructure owners in other regions of the country.
• There was excellent cooperation among the stakeholders
• The proposed specific spatial preventive measure as outcome of this pilot is to build an inner dyke to protect the highway and railway.

Flood risk management strategies (FRMSs)

Generally, flood risk governance (FRG) in the Netherlands is dominated by defence/flood protection through hard infrastructure. FRM belongs mainly to the public water sector (state) taking action at the central and regional level (Buijs et al. 2018). The table below shows the FRM strategies that were considered before, during and after FRAMES.

Layers of MLS	Before FRAMES	During FRAMES	After FRAMES
1.Protection/ defence	High and strong defence dikes along the Eastern- and Western Scheldt Since disaster of 1953 strongly focused on flood protection (dikes and barriers) (interview pilot manager, 2019)	No changes in hard infrastructure as result  of FRAMES (interview pilot manager, 2019)	No changes in hard infrastructure as result  of FRAMES (interview pilot manager, 2019)
2. Pro-action/ prevention via spatial planning	Low attention	Inventory of submergence preventive spatial measures -cost / effectiveness (FRAMES pilotbook, 2019) e.g build an inner dyke to prevent the highway and railway (interview pilot manager, 2019) Adoptable (GIS) tool with submergence preventive measures for flood prone regions (Pilot book) Improve prevention by spatial planning for adapting vital infrastructure (higher building, location) (interview pilot manager, 2019)	Embed the results of the pilot in spatial planning policies and practices of the involved organisations (baseline monitor, 2017)
3. Preparation & response	Low attention Safety region has evacuation plans (interview pilot manager, 2019)	Increase preparedness by evacuation routes, emergency planning and risk communication among authorities and citizens (baseline monitor, 2017)	Embed the results of the pilot in emergency planning policies and practices of the involved organisations (baseline monitor)
4. Recovery	Low attention	No flood recovery measures taken during FRAMES (interview pilot manager, 2019)	The measures to improve resilience will be communicated to business and citizens (baseline monitor, 2017)

Based on the table above, the outcome of this pilot enables a shift in FRG arrangements going from protection/ defence dominance to a more complex FRG arrangement including prevention and preparedness strategies as follows (interview pilot manager, 2019):

• Improve prevention by spatial planning for adapting vital infrastructure
• Increase preparedness by evacuation route, emergency planning and risk communication among authorities and citizens.

Referenties

• Baseline MONITORING SURVEY FRAMES – Baseline measurement – Pilot: Zeeland - Reimerswaal, Akkermans, R. and I. de Kubber, Province of Zeeland, 9 januari 2019.
• Adaptive planning for flood resilient areas: dealing with complexity in decision-making about multilayered flood risk management, Buijs, Jean-Marie; Luuk Boelens, Helge Bormann, Britta Restemeyer, Teun Terpstra, Tom van der Voorn, 24 april 2018.
• FRAMES pilotbook 2019, FRAMES, FRAMES, 1 mei 2019.
• Water Resilient Electricity Network Zeeland Final report, Nelen en Schuurmans, Provincie Zeeland, 25 juli 2018.
• FRAMES final report Reimerswaal, Witteveen Bos, 14 april 2019.